Yes, it is possible to connect a solar panel to a battery directly, but it's never recommended unless you can maintain the current and voltage from the solar panel within the battery's charging inp.
While powering a load without a battery can be performed, there are several cons attached to it, but also a few pros: You will not have to spend money on batteries. Solar panels with the right inverter, can power a few small and medium loads during blackouts by using this method. There is no way to power a load during the night.
To power devices directly with solar energy, select an appropriate solar panel, ensure your devices can operate on direct current (DC), and utilize a solar charge controller. Install the panel in a sunny location and connect it properly to your devices. What are the benefits of using solar panels without batteries?
Most solar controllers are not designed to work this way. Some solar controllers will simply not function at all without a voltage across their battery terminals. With others, connecting a solar panel array to the controller without a battery as a reference charge will fry the circuitry of the controller.
For example, a 12-volt pump is used to fill a water tank during the day so that livestock can be watered. Excluding a battery from your solar system is an inefficient use of your solar panels and limits the usefulness of your solar system in general.
How do I connect my solar panel to a charge controller?
Connect the Charge Controller: Attach the solar panel leads to the charge controller. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for correct wiring. Connect Your Device: Link your DC device to the load output terminals on the charge controller. Verify the connections are secure.
Solar Panel: The primary component that captures sunlight and converts it into direct current (DC) electricity. Charge Controller: This device regulates voltage and current from the solar panels to ensure that devices receive a stable supply of energy without overloading.